Article 17 of the Constitution of India has abolished untouchability and forbidden its practice in any form. Enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability is an offence under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. Likewise, the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was enacted to prevent atrocities, provide Special Courts, and ensure relief and rehabilitation of victims. These Acts are implemented by the concerned State Governments and Union Territory Administrations.
Central assistance is provided under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the following purposes:
- Strengthening Protection Cells and Special Police Stations
- Setting up and functioning of Special Courts
- Relief and rehabilitation of victims
- Incentive for inter-caste marriages
- Awareness generation
State/UT wise number of persons provided incentives for inter-caste marriages covered during 2021.22, 2022-23, 2023-24 and 2024-25 under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme for implementation of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989
State or UT-wise number of persons provided incentives for inter-caste marriages
| S.No. |
State or UT |
2020-21 |
2021-22 |
2022-23 |
2023-24 |
2024-25 |
| 1 |
Andhra Pradesh |
900 |
0 |
378 |
1022 |
0 |
| 2 |
Assam |
NA |
132 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
| 3 |
Bihar |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 4 |
Chhattisgarh |
780 |
921 |
551 |
824 |
1061 |
| 5 |
Goa |
16 |
17 |
0 |
10 |
37 |
| 6 |
Gujarat |
719 |
1005 |
1170 |
1599 |
1775 |
| 7 |
Haryana |
537 |
906 |
1441 |
794 |
2350 |
| 8 |
Himachal Pradesh |
597 |
615 |
629 |
816 |
959 |
| 9 |
Jharkhand |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 10 |
Karnataka |
4107 |
6079 |
3651 |
4054 |
2798 |
| 11 |
Kerala |
1459 |
2650 |
1553 |
736 |
NA |
| 12 |
Madhya Pradesh |
1010 |
1015 |
407 |
1198 |
1646 |
| 13 |
Maharashtra |
3999 |
2932 |
0 |
440 |
8566 |
| 14 |
Odisha |
1847 |
2428 |
1791 |
3641 |
2039 |
| 15 |
Punjab |
1000 |
0 |
0 |
1412 |
NA |
| 16 |
Rajasthan |
471 |
494 |
610 |
282 |
284 |
| 17 |
Sikkim |
40 |
17 |
16 |
20 |
22 |
| 18 |
Tamil Nadu |
1637 |
2217 |
1282 |
2392 |
2476 |
| 19 |
Telangana |
782 |
1010 |
119 |
243 |
398 |
| 20 |
Tripura |
NA |
18 |
6 |
14 |
14 |
| 21 |
Uttar Pradesh |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 22 |
Uttarakhand |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 23 |
West Bengal |
205 |
1380 |
334 |
1153 |
1510 |
| 24 |
Chandigarh |
21 |
25 |
65 |
50 |
50 |
| 25 |
D&NH & D. Diu |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 26 |
NCT of Delhi |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 27 |
Jammu & Kashmir |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
10 |
| 28 |
Lakshadweep |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 29 |
Ladakh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 30 |
Puducherry |
110 |
201 |
122 |
371 |
55 |
| Total |
20237 |
24062 |
14225 |
21083 |
26050 |
Note: NA = Not Available
State or UT-wise number of persons provided relief under the Scheme
| S.No. |
State or UT |
2020-21 |
2021-22 |
2022-23 |
2023-24 |
2024-25 |
| 1 |
Andhra Pradesh |
10995 |
6062 |
11442 |
3048 |
4554 |
| 2 |
Assam |
2 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
| 3 |
Bihar |
4761 |
9825 |
7243 |
14795 |
15443 |
| 4 |
Chhattisgarh |
1115 |
1093 |
1529 |
1079 |
1338 |
| 5 |
Goa |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 6 |
Gujarat |
2295 |
2174 |
1623 |
2195 |
2659 |
| 7 |
Haryana |
693 |
1610 |
2014 |
1601 |
1514 |
| 8 |
Himachal Pradesh |
410 |
329 |
341 |
410 |
540 |
| 9 |
Jharkhand |
607 |
1000 |
556 |
300 |
274 |
| 10 |
Karnataka |
2483 |
2582 |
3090 |
3740 |
5167 |
| 11 |
Kerala |
1079 |
1177 |
1492 |
445 |
NA |
| 12 |
Madhya Pradesh |
9951 |
10081 |
6582 |
10834 |
19359 |
| 13 |
Maharashtra |
2245 |
3339 |
2869 |
3339 |
5661 |
| 14 |
Odisha |
2828 |
2768 |
3135 |
2647 |
2402 |
| 15 |
Punjab |
0 |
23 |
119 |
158 |
NA |
| 16 |
Rajasthan |
12647 |
20574 |
15474 |
7308 |
10269 |
| 17 |
Sikkim |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 18 |
Tamil Nadu |
2530 |
2939 |
3870 |
5586 |
5586 |
| 19 |
Telangana |
5287 |
2284 |
2500 |
2332 |
3635 |
| 20 |
Tripura |
NA |
3 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
| 21 |
Uttar Pradesh |
23592 |
20278 |
23828 |
19240 |
20074 |
| 22 |
Uttarakhand |
119 |
103 |
116 |
154 |
229 |
| 23 |
West Bengal |
107 |
556 |
319 |
347 |
430 |
| 24 |
Chandigarh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 25 |
D&NH & D. Diu |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| 26 |
NCT of Delhi |
12 |
21 |
0 |
65 |
45 |
| 27 |
Jammu & Kashmir |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
| 28 |
Lakshadweep |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 29 |
Ladakh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 30 |
Puducherry |
31 |
37 |
19 |
35 |
32 |
| Total |
83777 |
88859 |
88172 |
79667 |
99216 |
Central assistance released under the Scheme (Rs. in Crores)
| S.No. |
State/UT |
2020‑21 |
2021‑22 |
2022‑23 |
2023‑24 |
2024‑25 |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | 34.30 | 9.20 | 11.83 | 14.67 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Assam | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Bihar | 15.05 | 35.00 | 44.89 | 37.63 | 46.34 |
| 4 | Chhattisgarh | 21.59 | 19.84 | 10.11 | 13.37 | 16.88 |
| 5 | Chandigarh | 0.50 | 0.71 | 1.71 | 1.73 | 1.62 |
| 6 | Delhi | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.60 |
| 7 | D.N.H. & D.D. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
| 8 | Goa | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.56 |
| 9 | Gujarat | 33.14 | 19.79 | 4.25 | 29.81 | 30.12 |
| 10 | Haryana | 13.60 | 18.21 | 29.82 | 29.43 | 28.74 |
| 11 | Himachal Pradesh | 3.83 | 3.15 | 3.57 | 2.61 | 2.04 |
| 12 | Jammu & Kashmir | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.55 |
| 13 | Jharkhand | 0.29 | 3.19 | 0.00 | 0.81 | 0.00 |
| 14 | Karnataka | 65.43 | 61.85 | 30.98 | 40.00 | 48.66 |
| 15 | Kerala | 10.99 | 17.64 | 2.41 | 11.32 | 2.36 |
| 16 | Ladakh | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
| 17 | Lakshadweep | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 18 | Madhya Pradesh | 83.49 | 103.41 | 31.82 | 63.49 | 88.12 |
| 19 | Maharashtra | 58.13 | 7.73 | 12.83 | 37.28 | 24.52 |
| 20 | Odisha | 35.09 | 44.09 | 21.46 | 58.03 | 38.49 |
| 21 | Puducherry | 7.87 | 3.66 | 0.34 | 1.39 | 0.85 |
| 22 | Punjab | 0.19 | 7.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 23 | Rajasthan | 47.70 | 71.63 | 65.86 | 42.55 | 18.62 |
| 24 | Sikkim | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.09 |
| 25 | Tamil Nadu | 38.52 | 35.45 | 17.88 | 36.59 | 32.18 |
| 26 | Telangana | 8.19 | 17.18 | 9.36 | 8.99 | 16.19 |
| 27 | Tripura | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.20 |
| 28 | Uttarakhand | 0.95 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 1.01 | 1.18 |
| 29 | Uttar Pradesh | 113.03 | 126.72 | 91.54 | 97.95 | 89.49 |
| 30 | West Bengal | 0.37 | 0.87 | 0.24 | 3.69 | 4.64 |
| 31 | Others | 0.74 | 0.74 | 1.25 | 1.82 | 2.09 |
| – | Total | 593.42 | 610.11 | 392.70 | 535.30 | 495.29 |